There is extensive, yet fragmented, evidence of gender differences in academia suggesting
that women are underrepresented in most scientific disciplines and publish fewer articles …

Citations are important building blocks for status and success in science. We used a linked
dataset of more than 4 million authors and 26 million scientific papers to quantify trends in …

Doctorate level attainment has increased significantly in developed economies. In 2019, the
average share of 25–64-year-olds with a doctorate across the OECD was around 1 …

With teams growing in all areas of scientific and scholarly research, we explore the
relationship between team structure and the character of knowledge they produce. Drawing …

Authorship is the primary form of symbolic capital in science. Despite this, authorship is rife
with injustice and malpractice, with women expressing concerns regarding the fair attribution …

Theories of innovation emphasize the role of social networks and teams as facilitators of
breakthrough discoveries,,–. Around the world, scientists and inventors are more plentiful …

The challenges facing global agriculture via population increase, climate change and
dietary choices are unprecedented and urgent. In the context of declining public funding for …

Setbacks are an integral part of a scientific career, yet little is known about their long-term
effects. Here we examine junior scientists applying for National Institutes of Health R01 …

An incisive study showing how cultural ideas of merit in academic science produce unfair
and unequal outcomes. In Misconceiving Merit, sociologists Mary Blair-Loy and Erin A. Cech …

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular
research has therefore never been more crucial. Cardiovascular researchers must be …