Sleep is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom and yet displays considerable variation in its
extent and form in the wild. Ecological factors, such as predation, competition, and …

Members of the snake subfamily Aparallactinae occur in various habitats throughout sub-
Saharan Africa. The monophyly of aparallactine snakes is well established, but relationships …

Atractaspidines are poorly studied, fossorial snakes that are found throughout Africa and
western Asia, including the Middle East. We employed concatenated gene-tree analyses …

Uganda is one of the most species rich countries in Africa because of the presence of
several major biomes. However, it is also a country that has lost much of its natural habitat to …

Aim Species with wide distributions spanning the African Guinean and Congolian rain
forests are often composed of genetically distinct populations or cryptic species with …

Historically, an understanding of viviparity and its evolution in Old World chameleons
(Chamaeleonidae) has lagged behind that of other squamate families. Not only is …

Abstract Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are relatively unknown in terms
of their herpetological diversity. Based on specimens collected in the Congolese region of …

This review deals with integrative taxonomy of parasitoid Hymenoptera, ie, a complex of
approaches and techniques aimed at detection, delimitation, and description of closely …

The relative roles of rivers versus refugia in shaping the high levels of species diversity in
tropical rainforests have been widely debated for decades. Only recently has it become …

Conservation of wildlife often depends on high quality molecular data to establish reliable
species identification. Traditional approaches in extracting material (DNA) for phylogenetic …