All animals, including humans, live in symbiotic association with microorganisms. The
immune system accommodates host colonization by the microbiota, maintains microbiota …

Since the publication of the Janeway's Pattern Recognition hypothesis in 1989, study of
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and their immuno-stimulatory activities …

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used in biomedical research as a model to
study vertebrate development and hematopoiesis and recently, it has been adopted into …

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are key regulators of insect immune responses.
In addition to recognition PGRPs, which activate the Toll and Imd pathways, the Drosophila …

A thorough understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis in humans has
been elusive in part because of imperfect surrogate laboratory hosts, each with its own …

The zebrafish holds much promise as a high-throughput drug screening model for immune-
related diseases, including inflammatory and infectious diseases and cancer. This is due to …

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a widely used vertebrate model for bacterial, fungal,
viral, and protozoan infections. Due to its genetic tractability, large clutch sizes, ease of …

Neutrophils are highly motile phagocytic cells that play a critical role in the immune
response to infection. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are increasingly used to study neutrophil …

Tsetse flies, the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, have coevolved with mutualistic
endosymbiont Wigglesworthia glossinidiae. Elimination of Wigglesworthia renders tsetse …

With the emergence of multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus, there is an urgent need to
better understand the molecular determinants of S. aureus pathogenesis. A model of …