Multiplexed CRISPR technologies, in which numerous gRNAs or Cas enzymes are
expressed at once, have facilitated powerful biological engineering applications, vastly …

The continual demand for specialized molecular cloning techniques that suit a broad range
of applications has driven the development of many different cloning strategies. One method …

CRISPR gene activation and inhibition (CRISPRai) has become a powerful synthetic tool for
influencing the expression of native genes for foundational studies, cellular reprograming …

Methods that enable the construction of recombinant DNA molecules are essential tools for
biological research and biotechnology. Golden Gate cloning is used for assembly of multiple …

In industrial bioprocesses, microbial metabolism dictates the product yields, and therefore,
our capacity to control it has an enormous potential to help us move towards a bio-based …

The production of biofuels from cellulosic biomass has emerged as an appealing alternative
to fossil fuels. However, the recalcitrance of cellulose poses a challenge to converting it into …

Directed evolution is a preferred strategy to improve the function of proteins such as
enzymes that act as bottlenecks in metabolic pathways. Common directed evolution …

Numerous important pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals originate from plant specialized
metabolites, most of which are synthesized via complex biosynthetic pathways. The …

Standardisation of genetic parts has become a topic of increasing interest over the last
decades. The promise of simplifying molecular cloning procedures, while at the same time …

Key message Synthetic control systems have led to significant advancement in the study
and engineering of unicellular organisms, but it has been challenging to apply these tools to …