As resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are associated
with diverse functions essential to the developing and adult brain during homeostasis and …

The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune
functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this …

Microplastics (MPs) have been well demonstrated as potential threats to the ecosystem,
whereas the neurotoxicity of MPs in mammals remains to be elucidated. The current study …

The human microbiota has a fundamental role in host physiology and pathology. Gut
microbial alteration, also known as dysbiosis, is a condition associated not only with …

NLRP3 is the best characterized cytosolic nod-like pattern recognition receptor which can
detect microbial motifs, endogenous danger and stress signals. Activation of NLRP3 leads to …

Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration often result from the aberrant deposition of
aggregated host proteins, including amyloid‐β, α‐synuclein, and prions, that can activate …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by central nervous
(CNS) demyelination resulting in axonal injury and neurological deficits. Essentially, MS is …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have
important physiological functions in maintaining tissue homeostasis but also contribute to …

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive dysfunction and death of
selectively vulnerable neuronal populations, often associated with the accumulation of …

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by sustained neuroinflammation leading to memory
loss and cognitive decline. The past decade has witnessed tremendous efforts in …