Over the course of their wildly successful proliferation across the earth, the insects as a
taxon have evolved enviable adaptations to their diverse habitats, which include adhesives …

Larval lepidopterans (hereafter, caterpillars) protect themselves from natural enemies with a
diverse suite of defenses which are employed before, during, or after encounters with …

Ants are probably the most dominant insect group on Earth, representing ten to fifteen
percent of animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Flowering plants, meanwhile, owe their …

The Brazilian cerrado savanna covers nearly 2 million km 2 and has a high incidence on
foliage of various liquid food sources such as extrafloral nectar and insect exudates. These …

1. Shrubs of Caryocar brasiliense are intensively visited by many ant species in the cerrado
vegetation of south‐east Brazil. Ants collect nectar from the extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) …

We studied the association between the honeydew-producing membracid Guayaquila
xiphias and its tending ants in the cerrado savanna of Brazil, during 1992 and 1993. Results …

▪ Abstract Whereas foraging has been a major focus of ecological and entomological
research, its obligate partner, defecation, has been comparatively neglected. Insects exhibit …

1. This study examines the anti‐herbivore effect of ants visiting the extrafloral nectaries
(EFNs) of Opuntia stricta (Cactaceae) and its possible influence on the plant's reproductive …

Highlights•Insects use a wide variety of chemical and visual cues to avoid encounters with
potential predators.•Changes in prey behavior or physiology in response to predation threat …

Mutualism is an interaction between individuals of 2 different species of organism in which
both benefit from the association. With a focus on mutualisms between ants and aphids …