Allergic diseases have in common a dysfunctional epithelial barrier, which allows the
penetration of allergens and microbes, leading to the release of type 2 cytokines that drive …

IL-9 was first described in the late 1980s as a member of a growing number of cytokines that
had pleiotropic functions in the immune system. Although many biological functions have …

Developmental lung biology is a field that has the potential for significant human impact:
lung disease at the extremes of age continues to cause major morbidity and mortality …

The balance and distribution of epithelial cell types is required to maintain tissue
homeostasis. A hallmark of airway diseases is epithelial remodeling, leading to increased …

The composition of the conducting airway epithelium varies significantly along the proximal
to distal axis, with that of the tracheal epithelium exhibiting the greatest complexity. A …

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations are generally associated
with several causes, including pollutants, viruses, bacteria that are responsible for an excess …

CD4 helper T cells are critical for proper immune cell homeostasis and host defense but are
also major contributors to immune and inflammatory disease. Arising from a simple biphasic …

In addition to a direct proinflammatory role, IL-13 has been demonstrated to induce a goblet
cell metaplastic phenotype in the airway epithelium in vivo. We have studied the direct …

Helper CD4+ T‐cell subsets have improved our understanding of adaptive immunity in
humans and in animal models of disease. These include T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and the …

Influenza infection primarily targets the upper respiratory system, leading to a severe
destruction of the epithelial cell layer. The role of immune cells in the regeneration of …