Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer and
associated with a dismal prognosis due to the lack of an efficient systemic therapy. In …

Cholangiocarcinoma is characterized by a poor prognosis with limited treatment and
management options. Chemotherapy using gemcitabine with cisplatin is the only available …

Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma
(CCA). Incidence of liver cancer has been increasing in recent years, and the 5-year survival …

Current treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)–a lethal bile duct cancer–is ineffective
because the disease is usually diagnosed at late and advanced stage. Thus, a novel …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy originating from the
epithelial system of the bile ducts, and its incidence in recent years is steadily increasing …

Cholangiocarcinoma, which is the most common invasive malignant tumor of the biliary tract,
has poor prognosis. There is evidence suggesting that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) …

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a relatively rare, but highly lethal and biologically
complex primary biliary epithelial cancer arising within liver. After hepatocellular carcinoma …

Abstract Treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), a highly malignant
tumor with poor prognosis, are limited. Recent developments in immunotherapy and …

Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a liver cancer derived from the biliary tree with a
less than 30% five-year survival rate. Early diagnosis of CCA is challenging and treatment …

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) represents a challenging malignancy characterized by aggressive
behavior, high relapse rates, and poor prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has …