Nerve cells establish their connections by extending neuritic processes away from the rather
fixed position of the cell body. In the case of axons, this growth can be extensive and the …

A proper dialogue between spermatozoa and the egg is essential for conception of a new
individual in sexually reproducing animals. Ca2+ is crucial in orchestrating this unique event …

The composition of the intracellular milieu shows striking similarities among widely different
species. Only certain values of intracellular pH, values that generally reflect alphastat …

Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation is essential for cell function. Notably, several unique sperm
ion transporters and enzymes whose elimination causes infertility are either pHi dependent …

Abstract Changes in intracellular pH regulate many cell behaviors, including proliferation,
migration, and transformation. However, our understanding of how physiological changes in …

Newly generated actin free barbed ends at the front of motile cells provide sites for actin
filament assembly driving membrane protrusion. Growth factors induce a rapid biphasic …

Video cameras with contrast and black level controls can yield polarized light and differential
interference contrast microscope images with unprecedented image quality, resolution, and …

Generating new life in animals by sexual reproduction depends on adequate
communication between mature and competent male and female gametes. Ion channels are …

Sperm cytosolic pH, determined by the spectral properties of intracellular
carboxyfluorescein, is decreased rapidly by the diffusion and subsequent dissociation of the …

When Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gametes of opposite mating type are mixed together, they
adhere by a flagella-mediated agglutination that triggers three rapid mating responses …