Prolonged periods of skeletal muscle inactivity or mechanical unloading (bed rest, hindlimb
unloading, immobilization, spaceflight and reduced step) can result in a significant loss of …

Forkhead box class O family member proteins (FoxOs) are highly conserved transcription
factors with important roles in cellular homeostasis. The four FoxO members in humans …

In this study, the principles of surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) were used to develop
a nonradioactive method for ex vivo and in vivo measurements of protein synthesis (PS) …

The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is the key promoter of
growth in vertebrates; however, how this system modulates muscle mass in fish is just …

Developmental programming is the concept that a maternal stimulus or insult at a critical
period in fetal development has long-term effects on the offspring. Historically, considerable …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth that associates with
raptor and rictor to form the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, respectively. Raptor …

Adipocyte differentiation is a developmental process that is critical for metabolic
homeostasis and nutrient signaling. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) mediates …

Embryonic development in teleosts is profoundly affected by environmental conditions,
particularly temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The environment determines …

Muscle differentiation is a crucial process controlling muscle development and homeostasis.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) rapidly increase and function as critical cell …

Maintenance of skeletal muscle is essential for health and survival. There are marked losses
of skeletal muscle mass as well as strength and physiological function under conditions of …