The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to
the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the …

Patterned, spontaneous activity occurs in many developing neural circuits, including the
retina, the cochlea, the spinal cord, the cerebellum and the hippocampus, where it provides …

Animals generate movement by engaging spinal circuits that direct precise sequences of
muscle contraction, but the identity and organizational logic of local interneurons that lie at …

The construction of the brain during embryonic development was thought to be largely
independent of its electrical activity. In this view, proliferation, migration and differentiation of …

To define alterations of neuronal connectivity that occur during motor neuron degeneration,
we characterized the function and structure of spinal circuitry in spinal muscular atrophy …

The spinal cord of vertebrate animals is comprised of intrinsic circuits that are capable of
sensing the environment and generating complex motor behaviors. There are two major …

Acetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter, and the habenulo-interpeduncular projection
is a major cholinergic pathway in the brain. To study the physiological properties of …

Spinal interneurons are organized into networks that control the activity and output of the
motor system. This review outlines recent progress in defining the rules that govern the …

The coordination and timing of muscle activities during rhythmic movements, like walking
and swimming, are generated by intrinsic spinal motor circuits. Such locomotor networks are …

Locomotion empowers animals to move. Locomotor-initiating signals from the brain are
funneled through descending neurons in the brainstem that act directly on spinal locomotor …