The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP)
pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively …

Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic
bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the …

Neutrophils are emerging as an important player in skeletal muscle injury and repair.
Neutrophils accumulate in injured tissue, thus releasing inflammatory factors, proteases and …

Much of the similarities of the tissue characteristics, pathologies and mechanisms of
heterotopic ossification (HO) formation are shared between HO of tendon and ligament …

Osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has played a necessary role in the repair
of bone. According to some reports, microRNAs participate in different physiological activity …

Despite the focus placed on cardiovascular research, the prevalence of vascular and
valvular calcification is increasing and remains a leading contributor of cardiovascular …

Osteoporosis (OP), characterized by continuous bone loss and increased fracture risk, has
posed a challenge to patients and society. Long-term administration of current …

Vascular calcification (VC) is highly associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause
mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Dysregulation of endothelial cells and …

Vascular calcification (VC) is the process of deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the
blood vessel wall, with a central role for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VC is highly …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by valvular fibrosis and calcification
and driven by differentiating valvular interstitial cells (VICs). Expression data from patient …