The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a subcortical brain region that exerts control over
motivated behavior, feeding, and energy balance across species. Recent single-cell …

Hypocretin/orexin neurons are distributed restrictively in the hypothalamus, a brain region
known to orchestrate diverse functions including sleep, reward processing, food intake …

Sleep quality declines with age; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We
found that hyperexcitable hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/OX) neurons drive sleep fragmentation …

The neural substrates of insomnia/hyperarousal induced by stress remain unknown. Here,
we show that restraint stress leads to hyperarousal associated with strong activation of …

The neurotensin system spans across the central nervous system, to the enteric nervous
system (gut), and the periphery to govern behaviors and physiological responses that tune …

The neuroendocrine hypothalamus is the central regulator of vital physiological homeostasis
and behavior. However, the cellular and molecular properties of hypothalamic neural …

Background: The γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) inhibitory system in the brain
is critical for regulation of sleep–wake and general anesthesia. The lateral septum contains …

Light provides the primary signal for entraining circadian rhythms to the day/night cycle. In
addition to rods and cones, the retina contains a small population of photosensitive retinal …

Abstract Purpose of Review Since the formal discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
in 1953, we have gained a vast amount of knowledge regarding the specific populations of …

The sleep-wakefulness cycle is regulated by complicated neural networks that include many
different populations of neurons throughout the brain. Arginine vasopressin neurons in the …