Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Nestled at the tip of a branch of the kinome, protein kinase C (PKC) family members are
poised to transduce signals emanating from the cell surface. Cell membranes provide the …

Fluorescence and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET and BRET)
techniques allow the sensitive monitoring of distances between two labels at the nanometer …

In his 1665 treatise, Micrographia, Robert Hooke described the many observations he had
made using a microscope, including compartment-like structures in cork samples that he …

We describe a technique based on moment-analysis for the measurement of the average
number of molecules and brightness in each pixel in fluorescence microscopy images. The …

Abstract Changes in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) concentration are among the earliest
reactions to a multitude of stress cues. While a plethora of Ca2+-permeable channels may …

The phenomenon of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) between
two fluorescent proteins of different hues provides a robust foundation for the design and …

The coordinated and physiological behavior of living cells in an organism critically depends
on their ability to interact with surrounding cells and with the extracellular space. For this …

Cellular signal transduction occurs in complex and redundant interaction networks, which
are best understood by simultaneously monitoring the activation dynamics of multiple …

The protein kinase C (PKC) and closely related protein kinase N (PKN) families of
serine/threonine protein kinases play crucial cellular roles. Both kinases belong to the AGC …