Although militaries have been building cyber capabilities since the late 1980s, formalized
military organizations for these capabilities have only recently emerged. These cyber forces …

This companion provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date comparative overview of
the cyber-security strategies and doctrines of the major states and actors in Europe, North …

What explains the variation in implementation dynamics for cyber forces across militaries? In
other words, as cyber forces emerge in states across the international system, why do some …

The threat of malicious actors is a growing fear among all cyberspace stakeholders,
particularly states, who are primarily responsible for national security, including the …

1. Executive Summary 1 Zoe Stanley-Lockman and Edward Hunter Christie,“An Artificial
Intelligence Strategy for NATO.” NATO Review, NATO Review, 25 October, 2021, Accessed …

Despite its prominence in global discourse, Turkish cybersecurity policy has been somewhat
neglected in the academic literature. This chapter addresses this gap, discussing Turkey's …

The internal strategic environment is the main factor in which determining the extent or
decline of the intervention in the strategic performance of the state. The effective influence …