Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide and a costly
complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DR severity is associated with DM duration; thus, DR …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that results in visual impairment and
relevant retinal diseases. Current therapeutic strategies on DR primarily focus on …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness
worldwide, is one of the major microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of permanent central blindness
worldwide. Despite the complexity and inadequate understanding of DR pathogenesis …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) primarily progresses into retinal degeneration caused by
microvascular dysfunction. The pathophysiology of DR progression is still uncertain. This …

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the second commonest microvascular complication
of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and angiogenesis. Palm oil …

Vitamin E, encompassing tocopherols and tocotrienols, is celebrated for its powerful
antioxidant properties, which help neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative …

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy, a prevalent complication of diabetes, represents the leading
cause of vision loss and blindness among middle-aged and elderly populations. Recent …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar
levels (hyperglycemia). Poorly managed diabetes can lead to complications affecting …

Dye eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder in patients with diabetes. It has been
reported that APX‑115A, a pan‑nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) …