Disorders of cell number that result from an imbalance between the death of parenchymal
cells and the proliferation or recruitment of maladaptive cells contributes to the pathogenesis …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels
owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys do not work
correctly. It has a high prevalence and represents a serious hazard to human health and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. At the histological level, renal
fibrosis is the final common pathway of progressive kidney disease irrespective of the initial …

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a family of inducible transcription factors that plays a vital role in
different aspects of immune responses. NF-κB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm as …

TNF blockers are highly efficacious at dampening inflammation and reducing symptoms in
rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing …

Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a frequent event in kidney transplantation, particularly
when the kidney comes from a deceased donor. The brain death is usually associated with …

Kidney fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a potential therapeutic
target. However, there are conceptual and practical challenges to directly targeting kidney …

Innate immune cells, particularly macrophages and epithelial cells, play a key role in
multiple layers of immune responses. Alarmins and pro-inflammatory cytokines from the IL …

Unilateral ureteral obstruction is a popular experimental model of renal injury. However, the
study of the kidney response to urinary tract obstruction is only one of several advantages of …