The microenvironment (local environment), including viscosity, temperature, polarity,
hypoxia, and acidic-basic status (pH), plays indispensable roles in cellular processes …

Bioactive species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS, including O2˙−, H2O2, HOCl,
1O2,˙ OH, HOBr, etc.), reactive nitrogen species (RNS, including ONOO−, NO, NO2, HNO …

Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Imaging and Detection of Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen,
and Sulfur Species in Biological Systems Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Imaging and …

In this tutorial review, we will explore recent advances for the design, construction and
application of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF)-based small-molecule probes. The …

Abstract The superoxide anion (O2.−) is widely engaged in the regulation of cell functions
and is thereby intimately associated with the onset and progression of many diseases. To …

The visualization of diseases is a crucial goal for clinicians as it aids in accurate diagnosis
and clinical surgery. In recent years, fluorescence sensors that exhibit optical changes in …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the survival environment for tumor cells to proliferate and
metastasize in deep tissue. TME contains tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells and a …

Apoptosis, as type I cell death, is an active death process strictly controlled by multiple
genes, and plays a significant role in regulating various activities. Mounting research …

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements
in the air─ oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate …

Ever increasing environmental presence of cadmium as a consequence of industrial
activities is considered a health hazard and is closely linked to deteriorating global health …