The renin–angiotensin system is an important component of the cardiovascular system.
Mounting evidence suggests that the metabolic products of angiotensin I and II—initially …

Cardiovascular diseases are known to be the most fatal diseases worldwide.
Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is at the centre of the pathology of the most common …

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) regulates fluid balance, blood pressure and maintains
vascular tone. The potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II) produced by angiotensin …

Protection of cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress is vital to alleviate myocardial
ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). However, antioxidative treatment is hampered by the …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and
the cardio-renal system. The classical RAS, mainly mediated by angiotensin I, angiotensin …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), comprising the largest superfamily of cell surface
receptors, serve as fundamental modulators of cardiac health and disease owing to their key …

In the last two decades, the study of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has
revealed a counterregulatory protective axis. This protective arm is characterized by …

Emerging evidence hints in favor of a life-threatening link between severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the cardiovascular system. SARS-CoV-2 …

Worldwide morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related heart
failure remain high. While effective early reperfusion of the criminal coronary artery after a …

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension
being the most prevalent risk factor. Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system …