The genetic basis for combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is complex, involving
30 genes in a variety of syndromic and nonsyndromic presentations. Molecular diagnosis of …

The fast technological development, particularly single nucleotide polymorphism array, array-
comparative genomic hybridization, and whole exome sequencing, has led to the discovery …

Objective: The aim was to update The Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline on
Evaluation and Treatment of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) previously published …

Purpose Congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) is a state of inadequate thyroid hormone
production detected at birth, caused either by absent, underdeveloped or ectopic thyroid …

Obesity is an escalating epidemic, but an effective noninvasive therapy is still scarce. For
obesity treatment, anorexigenic neuropeptides are promising tools, but their delivery from …

Hypopituitarism is defined as a complete or partial deficiency in one or more pituitary
hormones. Anterior hypopituitarism includes secondary adrenal insufficiency, central …

Context: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 8 is important for GnRH neuronal development with
human mutations resulting in Kallmann syndrome. Murine data suggest a role for Fgf8 in …

Introduction: Congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is characterized by a deficiency of one or more
pituitary hormones. The pituitary gland is a central regulator of growth, metabolism, and …

Adrenal insufficiency is an insidious diagnosis that can be initially misdiagnosed as other life-
threatening endocrine conditions, as well as sepsis, metabolic disorders, or cardiovascular …

Pituitary develops from oral ectoderm in contact with adjacent ventral hypothalamus.
Impairment in this process results in congenital pituitary hypoplasia (CPH); however, there …