Wild plants and their associated pathogens are involved in ongoing interactions over
millennia that have been modified by coevolutionary processes to limit the spatial extent and …

The plastome of land plants is often considered to be highly conserved in sequence,
structure, and content. This is particularly true for nonvascular land plants, for which few …

To date, little is known about the evolution of fern genomes, with only two small genomes
published from the heterosporous Salviniales. Here we assembled the genome of Alsophila …

• Premise of the study: Understanding fern (monilophyte) phylogeny and its evolutionary
timescale is critical for broad investigations of the evolution of land plants, and for providing …

Comprising about 82% of the extant fern species diversity, Polypodiales are generally
believed to have diversified in the Late Cretaceous. We estimated the divergence times of …

Ferns account for 80% of nonflowering vascular plant species and are the sister lineage of
seed plants. Recent molecular phylogenetics have greatly advanced understanding of fern …

Recent molecular clock data suggest with high probability a Cambrian origin of
Embryophyta (also called land plants), indicating that their terrestrialization most probably …

The eupolypods II ferns represent a classic case of evolutionary radiation and,
simultaneously, exhibit high substitution rate heterogeneity. These factors have been …

Structural variation of plastid genomes (plastomes), particularly large inversions and gene
losses, can provide key evidence for the deep phylogeny of plants. In this study, we …

Horsetails represent an enigmatic clade within the land plants. Despite consisting only of
one genus (Equisetum) that contains 15 species, they are thought to represent the oldest …