Neuronal subtype specification in the vertebrate neural tube is one of the best-studied
examples of embryonic pattern formation. Distinct neuronal subtypes are generated in a …

The hedgehog (Hh) family comprises sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and
desert hedgehog (Dhh), which are versatile signaling molecules involved in a wide …

Our understanding of human early development is severely hampered by limited access to
embryonic tissues. Due to their close evolutionary relationship with humans, nonhuman …

Neural tube (NT) defects arise from abnormal neurulation and result in the most common
birth defects worldwide. Yet, mechanisms of primate neurulation remain largely unknown …

Several studies have linked cilia and Hedgehog signaling, but the precise roles of ciliary
proteins in signal transduction remain enigmatic. Here we describe a mouse mutation …

Abstract Signalling by secreted Hedgehog (Hh) proteins is important for the development of
many tissues and organs. Damage to components of the Hh signal-transduction pathway …

Morphogens act in developing tissues to control the spatial arrangement of cellular
differentiation,. The activity of a morphogen has generally been viewed as a concentration …

Between the early 1930s and his death in 1953, Joseph Stalin had more than a million of his
own citizens executed. Millions more fell victim to forced labor, deportation, famine, bloody …

Gli proteins are transcriptional effectors of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in both normal
development and cancer. We describe a program of multisite phosphorylation that regulates …

Gli2 and Gli3 are the primary transcription factors that mediate Sonic hedgehog (Shh)
signals in the mouse. Gli3 mainly acts as a transcriptional repressor, because the majority of …