H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two
decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans …

Some avian influenza viruses may be transmissible to mammals by ingestion. Cats and
dogs have been infected by H5N1 avian influenza viruses when they ate raw poultry, and …

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to impose a negative impact on animal and human
health worldwide. In particular, the emergence of highly pathogenic AIV H5 and, more …

Abstract Since 1997, G1-lineage H9N2 avian influenza viruses have been circulating in Asia
and later on in the Middle East, and they have been associated to mild respiratory disease …

Transmission and persistence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) among wildlife remains an
unresolved issue because it depends both on the ecology of the host (eg population density …

Background It is widely accepted that the shift in case-fatality rate between waves during the
1918 influenza pandemic was due to a genetic change in the virus. In animal models, the …

Influenza A viruses are naturally reservoired in wild bird populations, in which they generally
exist as low-pathogenic subtypes. Historically, concern about avian influenza virus (AIV) in …

Emergence of avian influenza viruses with high lethality to humans, such as the currently
circulating highly pathogenic A (H5N1)(emerged in 1996) and A (H7N9) cause serious …

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to describe the avian influenza dynamics in
wild birds with bird mobility and heterogeneous environment incorporated. In addition to …

In 2003 an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H7N7) struck poultry in The
Netherlands. A European Commission directive made vaccination of valuable species in …