Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis involves an asymmetric cell division followed by
differentiation into two cell types, the endospore and the mother cell. The endospore coat is …

Abstract The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis can initiate the process of sporulation
under conditions of nutrient limitation. Here, we review some of the last 5 years of work in …

Three classes of low‐G+ C Gram‐positive bacteria (Firmicutes), Bacilli, Clostridia and
Negativicutes, include numerous members that are capable of producing heat‐resistant …

The coat varies considerably in width among species. In Bacillus subtilis, where the coat is
relatively wide, it is just less than 200 nm in width, and its multilayered organization is …

Bacillus subtilis is a widely distributed aerobic Gram-positive species of bacteria. As a tool in
the lab, it has the advantages of nonpathogenicity and limited likelihood of becoming drug …

Display systems that present biologically active molecules on the surface of microorganisms
have become increasingly used to address environmental and biomedical issues (1–3) …

Background The bacterial endospore (spore) has recently been proposed as a new surface
display system. Antigens and enzymes have been successfully exposed on the surface …

The targeting and anchoring of heterologous proteins and peptides to the outer surface of
bacteriophages and cells is becoming increasingly important, and has been employed as a …

Proteins and glycoproteins that form the surface layers of the Bacillus spore assemble into
semipermeable arrays that surround and protect the spore cytoplasm. Such layers, acting …

Bacillus cereus, responsible for food poisoning, and Clostridium difficile, the causative agent
of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), are both spore-forming pathogens …