In this study, the sponge-associated a potential endosymbiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis
MKU SERB2 was identified and optimized the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by …

Marine invertebrates represent a valuable reservoir of pharmaceutical bioactive compounds
with potential relevance to various medical applications. These compounds exhibit notable …

This study investigated the bioactivities of polyhydroxyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone (PHNQ)
extracts from Evechinus chloroticus shell waste. PHNQs were extracted from E. chloroticus …

Varieties of sea urchins can be found in the Indonesians ocean. Empirically, Indonesian
citizens have been used it as food and medicine. Research about sea urchins had been …

Bacillus licheniformis is used in a broad spectrum of areas, including some probiotic
preparations for human and veterinary health. Moreover, B. licheniformis strains are known …

Holothurians (sea cucumbers) exist almost in all benthic marine environments and they are
an important species for the commercial fisheries. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of …

Bulu babi (Echinoidea) merupakan salah satu kelas dalam filum Echinodermata. Hewan ini
umumnya berbentuk bulat dan memiliki duri yang berfungsi sebagai alat gerak. Beberapa …

Background: Marine organisms such as Echinoderms have secondary metabolites, which
are antimicrobial naturally. Various extracts of echinoderms organs possess …

Background: Echinoderms are a unique source of amazing secondary metabolites with a
wide spectrum of biological activities. Several species of sea urchins contain various toxins …

The first comprehensive book on the biology and ecology of pharmaceutical echinoderms.
Contributed by scientists of both marine biology and pharmacy disciplines. All reported …