The aim of this review was to summarize current available information about the role of
phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling …

Cellular energy is primarily provided by the oxidative degradation of nutrients coupled with
mitochondrial respiration, in which oxygen participates in the mitochondrial electron …

Background Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of regulated cell death characterized by the
iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation and is involved in various …

5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most
commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity. The majority of early studies …

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common women cancer and cause of cancer death. Despite
decades of scientific progress in BC treatments, the clinical benefit of new drugs is modest in …

Cancer is a complex disease orchestrated by various extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. In
recent years, there has been a keen interest towards the development of natural extracts …

Under metabolic stress conditions such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation, an increase in
the AMP: ATP ratio activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, resulting in …

Reactive Oxygen Species or “ROS” encompass several molecules derived from oxygen that
can oxidize other molecules and subsequently transition rapidly between species. The key …

The mTOR pathway is a critical regulator of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and
survival. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling has been observed in most cancers and, thus, the …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with
clinical features of high metastatic potential, susceptibility to relapse, and poor prognosis …