The science of volcanology advances disproportionately during exceptionally large or well-
observed eruptions. The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai 'i) was its most impactful …

Eruption source parameters (ESPs) are crucial for characterising volcanic eruptions and are
essential inputs to numerical models used for hazard assessment. Key ESPs of explosive …

Less than a year after the 2018 Kīlauea caldera collapse and eruption, water appeared in
newly deepened Halemaʻumaʻu crater. The lake—unprecedented in the written record …

Explosive volcanic eruptions inject hot mixtures of solid particles (tephra) and gasses into
the atmosphere. Entraining ambient air, these mixtures can form plumes rising tens of …

Detection of gravity change over time has been used to better understand magmatic activity
at volcanoes for decades, but the technique is not commonly applied to forecasting …

The eruption of Hunga volcano on 15 January 2022 produced a higher plume and faster-
growing umbrella cloud than has ever been previously recorded. The plume height …

The unprecedented 2018 summit collapse at Kīlauea and subsequent 2020–2021 eruption
within the newly deepened Halema 'uma 'u Crater provide an unparalleled opportunity to …

Volcanic activity and the associated gas emissions into the atmosphere often result in
adverse air quality conditions and present a hazard to human health and the environment …

Volcanic eruptions produce acoustic waves when volcanic gases and hot material rapidly
expand in the atmosphere. Volcanic activity can produce acoustic signals with a wide range …

Measurement of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates is a critical aspect of monitoring and
studying active volcanoes. Changes in emission rate are often associated with changes in …