Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

Biopolymers-based aerogels have gained the attention of many scientists in medical and
pharmaceutical applications. Biopolymers-based aerogels are utilized extensively in the …

Smart materials, also known as intelligent materials, which are responsive to the external
stimuli including heat, moisture, stress, pH, and magnetic fields, have found extensive …

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) printing and its extension four-dimensional (4D)
printing technique show great promise for advanced additive manufacturing of functional …

Improving the safety efficacy ratio of existing drugs is a current challenge to be addressed
rather than the development of novel drugs which involve much expense and time. The …

The widespread use of molecular machines in biology has long suggested that great
rewards could come from bridging the gap between synthetic molecular systems and the …

Annually, millions of patients suffer from irreversible injury owing to the loss or failure of an
organ or tissue caused by accident, aging, or disease. The combination of injectable …

This article aims to review the literature concerning the choice of selectivity for hydrogels
based on classification, application and processing. Super porous hydrogels (SPHs) and …

Tissues like bone and cartilage are remodeled dynamically for their functional requirements
by signaling pathways. The signals are controlled by the cells and extracellular matrix and …

Hydrogels, a class of materials with a 3D network structure, are widely used in various fields
especially in biomedicine. Injectable hydrogels could facilitate the encapsulation and …