Over the last 37 years, particular interest has been directed towards exploring the
characteristics of the optical environment for sensing, giving rise to what would now be one …

In this study, the historical and technical development and the current status of distributed
(DTRT) and enhanced (ETRT) thermal response tests (TRT) are reviewed. The different test …

Using borehole heat exchangers (BHE) to extract shallow geothermal energy has grown
rapidly in recent years. How to maintain a long-term balanced, sustainable operation of the …

Estimation of ground thermal conductivity plays an important role in design of borehole heat
exchanger (BHE) for ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, and the ground is usually …

The design and operation of Shallow Geothermal Energy (SGE) systems have been
continuously increasing in scientific research over the past years. What hinders the wide …

In-situ thermal response testing (TRT) has become the most effective way to determine
ground thermal parameters before developing renewable geothermal energy systems …

For the design of ground-source heat-pump systems, the local subsoil is an invariant factor.
To improve the evaluation of the local heat exchange capability, significant efforts recently …

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are serving the heating and cooling demands of
buildings worldwide. However, the widespread usage of these systems is limited because of …

Soil thermal conductivity (λ s) is a vital parameter for sizing vertical borehole heat exchanger
(VBHE) of ground-source heat pump, which may vary dramatically with the depth. To …

This paper proposed a parameter estimation method for identifying ground thermal
conductivity and volumetric heat capacity using the Nelder-Mead Simplex search algorithm …