Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in
which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The …

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and clearance causes
oxidative stress and ROS, which play a central role in regulating cell and tissue physiology …

Significance: Oxygen is indispensable for aerobic life, but its utilization exposes cells and
tissues to oxidative stress; thus, tight regulation of cellular, tissue, and systemic oxygen …

Recent advances have clarified how the brain detects CO 2 to regulate breathing (central
respiratory chemoreception). These mechanisms are reviewed and their significance is …

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a
widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

How the fetus withstands an environment of reduced oxygenation during life in the womb
has been a vibrant area of research since this field was introduced by Joseph Barcroft, a …

Oxygen (O2) sensing by the carotid body is critical for maintaining cardiorespiratory
homeostasis during hypoxia. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling is implicated in carotid body …

Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological
systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of …