Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are biological molecules that play
important roles in cardiovascular physiology and contribute to disease initiation …

The transduction of cellular signals occurs through the modification of target molecules. Most
of these modifications are transitory, thus the signal transduction pathways can be tightly …

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are formed when there is an abnormal increase in the level
of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or by the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative damage to proteins and generate
deleterious by-products which induce a breakdown of immune tolerance and produce …

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is generated by activated phagocytes at the site of inflammation.
Exposure of DNA to HOCl results in base and nucleotide modifications causing DNA …

The widespread use of oxidative hair colouring cosmetics threatens public health.
Phenylenediamine derivatives serve as the main pigment in permanent hair colours. They …

Inflammation is an early immune response against invading pathogens and damaged
tissue. Although beneficial, uncontrolled inflammation leads to various diseases including …

The deleterious impact of toxic constituents of hair dyes over the human health has gained
immense attention in the recent past. Their oncogenicity, mutagenicity, role in protein …

Chronic hyperglycaemia leads to DNA damage in diabetes and might be associated with
nitrosative stress. In this study, we aimed at assessing the level of DNA strand breaks in …

Background Phenylhydrazine (PHE) in experimental animal models has been widely
reported to cause haemolytic anaemia, via the induction of oxidative stress and thus causing …