Research on the psychology of learning has highlighted straightforward ways of enhancing
learning. However, effective learning strategies are underused by learners. In this Review …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

The science of learning has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of
effective teaching and learning strategies. However, few instructors outside of the field are …

Educational practice does not, for the most part, rely on research findings. Instead, there'sa
preference for relying on our intuitions about what's best for learning. But relying on intuition …

The need to improve the educational system has never been greater. People in congress
and business argue for expensive technological applications to improve education despite a …

Testing students on information that they do not know might seem like a fruitless endeavor.
After all, why give anyone a test that they are guaranteed to fail because they have not yet …

Although substantial research has demonstrated the benefits of retrieval practice for
promoting memory, very few studies have tested theoretical accounts of this effect. Across …

How do we go about learning new information? This article reviews the importance of
practicing retrieval of newly experienced information if one wants to be able to retrieve it …

The internet is rapidly changing what information is available as well as how we find it and
share it with others. Here we examine how this “digital expansion of the mind” changes …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological
Bulletin on Oct 5 2020 (see record 2020-74925-001). In the article, the Appendix and …