This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness.
Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the …

Awake bruxism is defined as the awareness of jaw clenching. Its prevalence is reported to
be 20% among the adult population. Awake bruxism is mainly associated with nervous tic …

The lateral part of the mesopontine tegmentum contains functionally important structures
involved in the control of posture and gait. Specifically, the mesencephalic locomotor region …

This is a short review paper presenting hypothesis to explain the mechanism that may be
involved in the genesis of sleep bruxism (SB). In humans, SB is a repetitive sleep movement …

The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) is a neurochemically and functionally
heterogeneous structure that occupies a strategic position in the dorsal tegmentum of the …

Based on electrophysiological, neurochemical, genetic and neuropharmacological
approaches it is currently accepted that serotonin (5-HT) functions to promote waking (W) …

Sleep states are comprised of a constellation of physiologic and behavioral traits, and the
mechanisms by which sedative-hypnotic medications alter these traits remain unclear …

Sleep is regulated by two broad mechanisms: the circadian system, which generates 24-h
rhythms of sleep propensity and a wake-dependent homeostatic sleep process whereby …

Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is characterized by persistent difficulty in falling
or staying asleep despite adequate opportunity to sleep, leading to daytime fatigue and …

The nuclear subdivisions of the cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic
systems within the brain of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) were identified following …