All images are highly ambiguous, and to perceive 3-D scenes, the human visual system
relies on assumptions about what lighting conditions are most probable. Here we show that …

Human observers' ability to infer the light field in empty space is known as the “visual light
field.” While most relevant studies were performed using images on computer screens, we …

This chapter addresses the spatial and form‐giving qualities of light, or the awareness of the
spatial structure of the luminous environment, from a multidisciplinary perspective. The …

Abstract 2D images are highly ambiguous representations of 3D scenes, and this poses a
fundamental obstacle to recovering shape and reflectance from shaded images. A Bayesian …

The pattern of the light that falls on the retina is a conflation of real-world sources such as
illumination and reflectance. Human observers often contend with the inherent ambiguity of …