Apical periodontitis has a microbial aetiology and is one of the most common inflammatory
diseases that affect humans. Fungi, archaea and viruses have been found in association …

Accumulating evidence suggests that the response of bacteria to antibiotics is significantly
affected by the presence of other interacting microbes. These interactions are not typically …

As a complex microbial aggregate, biofilm is a group behavior of bacterial ability to adapt to
the environment. Bacteria produce biofilm substrates that enhance their tolerance to stress …

Microbial communities populate most environments on earth and play a critical role in
ecology and human health. Their composition is thought to be largely shaped by …

Background Dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal diseases (gingivitis and
periodontitis) affect the majority of people worldwide, and treatment costs place a significant …

Adhesion of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, to surfaces and the subsequent formation
of biofilms cause multidrug-tolerant infections in humans and fouling of medical devices. To …

Although great strides have been made in understanding the complex bacterial community
inhabiting the human oral cavity, for a variety of (mainly technical) reasons the ecological …

The healthy microbiota show remarkable variability within and among individuals. In
addition to external exposures, ecological relationships (both oppositional and symbiotic) …

Recent advances in our understanding of the microbial populations that colonize the human
mouth, their acquisition, interdependency, and coevolution with the host, bring a different …

Systems thinking (ST) is an interdisciplinary domain that offers different ways to better
understand the behavior and structure of a complex system. Over the past decades, several …