Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Abstract RAS (KRAS, NRAS and HRAS) is the most frequently mutated gene family in
cancers, and, consequently, investigators have sought an effective RAS inhibitor for more …

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,
underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular …

The MAPK pathway is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenic pathways in cancer.
Although RAS mutations are the most frequent MAPK alterations, less frequent alterations in …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signaling cascade is among the most frequently mutated
pathways in human cancer. Approximately 50% of melanoma patients possess a druggable …

Approximately 200 BRAF mutant alleles have been identified in human tumours. Activating
BRAF mutants cause feedback inhibition of GTP-bound RAS, are RAS-independent and …

The discovery that a subset of human tumours is dependent on mutationally deregulated
BRAF kinase intensified the development of RAF inhibitors to be used as potential …

Molecular alterations in cancer genes and associated signaling pathways are used to inform
new treatments for precision medicine in cancer. Small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal …

With the identification of activating mutations in BRAF across a wide variety of malignancies,
substantial effort was placed in designing safe and effective therapeutic strategies to target …

In June 2022, the FDA granted Accelerated Approval to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib in
combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib for the treatment of adult and paediatric …