Rho GTPases control signal transduction pathways that link cell surface receptors to a
variety of intracellular responses. They are best known as regulators of the actin …

▪ Abstract The 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids fulfill roles as second messengers by
interacting with the lipid binding domains of a variety of cellular proteins. Such interactions …

Akt is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by a number of growth factors and
cytokines in a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase–dependent manner. Although antiapoptotic …

Abstract Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate numerous biological processes,
including cell growth, differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration and metabolism. In the …

Mice deficient in sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 2 (S1P2) develop diffuse large B
cell lymphoma. However, the role of S1P2 in normal germinal center (GC) physiology is …

When presented with a gradient of chemoattractant, many eukaryotic cells respond with
polarized accumulation of the phospholipid PtdIns (3, 4, 5) P3. This lipid asymmetry is one of …

NMDA-type glutamate receptors play a critical role in the activity-dependent development
and structural remodeling of dendritic arbors and spines. However, the molecular …

Ligation of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) and/or costimulatory receptor CD28 results
in rapid activation of phosphoinositide‐3 kinase (PI‐3 kinase). It remains unclear, however …

The processes by which cancer cells leave the tumor and enter adjacent tissue is known as
invasion, whereas metastasis refers to secondary tumor colonization of tissue at a distance …

The role of the protein kinase Akt in cell migration is incompletely understood. Here we show
that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced endothelial cell migration requires the Akt …