This paper provides a review of the literature on vision-based on-board obstacle detection
and distance estimation in railways. Environment perception is crucial for autonomous …

Railway intrusion seriously threatens railway safety and can cause enormous loss of life and
property. Therefore, railway intrusion detection is crucial for the safety of railway operation …

The operation of trains is substantially jeopardized by the presence of railway obstacles.
Recent research on vision-based railway obstacle detectors has emphasized using sizeable …

In recent years, the safety issues of high-speed railways have remained severe. The
intrusion of personnel or obstacles into the perimeter has often occurred in the past, causing …

Obstacles on the railway track leading to derailment accidents that cause significant
damages to the railway in terms of killed and injuries over the years. Count of accident is …

The state of the rail track and its surrounding environment have a significant impact on train
operation. The presence of any unusual obstacles on the rail track can pose a serious safety …

Most fatalities in the railroad industry are trespasser deaths. Additional obstacles such as
fallen trees, construction materials, and other debris also pose a danger to railroad …

Autonomous long-range obstacle detection and distance estimation plays an important role
in numerous applications such as railway applications when it comes to locomotive drivers …

In this paper, the concept of Obstacle Detection and Track Intrusion Detection (OD&TID)
systems related to the operation of trains is introduced, along with a potential concept for …

Increasing demand for rail transportation results in denser and more high-speed usage of
the existing railway network, making new and more advanced vehicle safety systems …