Acetylcholine (AC h) plays an important role in memory function and has been implicated in
aging‐related dementia, in which the impairment of hippocampus‐dependent learning …

Since its introduction as a treatment for strabismus, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has had a
phenomenal journey and is now recommended as first-line treatment for focal dystonia …

The loss of functional response upon continuous or repeated exposure to agonist,
desensitization, is an intriguing phenomenon if not as yet a well‐defined physiological …

Inflammatory responses to stimuli are essential body defenses against foreign threats.
However, uncontrolled inflammation may result in serious health problems, which can be life …

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is bound with 50-micromolar affinity by a
completely synthetic receptor (host) comprising primarily aromatic rings. The host provided …

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been found to be important for maintaining optimal
performance on a variety of cognitive tasks. In humans, nicotine-induced improvement of …

Signalling is one of the key processes in biological systems. It enables communication
within a single cell as well as among the many cells in higher organisms. Specialized …

The hippocampal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a newly identified ligand-gated
ion channel that is blocked by the snake toxin alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) and that …

At the turn of the century, Ehrlich (1865) from the field of immunology, and Langley (1905)
from that of pharmacology, introduced the notion that “receptive substances” combine with …

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) play a central role in intercellular
communications in the nervous system by converting the binding of a chemical messenger …