IgG4 is the least abundant subclass of IgG in human serum and has unique functional
features. IgG4 is largely unable to activate antibody-dependent immune effector responses …

The term monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) was introduced by the
International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group (IKMG) in 2012. The …

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerular disease that can occur at all ages. In adults,
it is the most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome. In~ 80% of patients, there is no …

Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune glomerular disease in which
autoantibodies are directed against podocyte proteins. In about 80% of cases the main …

The phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) is the major autoantigen in idiopathic
membranous nephropathy. However, the value of anti-PLA2R1 antibody titers in predicting …

The discovery in 2009 of the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) as the primary
target in membranous nephropathy (MN) greatly advanced basic and clinical research …

Objective Autoantibodies against paranodal proteins have been described in patients with
inflammatory neuropathies, but their association with pathology of nodes of Ranvier is …

Membranous nephropathy (MN) describes a histopathologic pattern of injury marked by
glomerular subepithelial immune deposits and collectively represents one of the most …

As recently as 2002, most cases of primary membranous nephropathy (MN), a relatively
common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, were considered idiopathic. We now …

Antibodies of IgG4 subclass are exceptional players of the immune system, as they are
considered to be immunologically inert and functionally monovalent, and as such may be …