Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are entities found in the prokaryotic genomes, with eight
reported types. Type II, the best characterized, is comprised of two genes organized as an …

Bacterial ubiquitous Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are considered to be important survival
mechanisms during stress conditions. In regular environmental conditions, the antitoxin …

Aims The ability to eliminate bacterial persister cells is still a medical challenge that has yet
to be overcome. These cells represent a unique subpopulation within bacterial communities …

Bacterial evolution through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) reflects their community
interactions. In this way, HGT networks do well at mapping community interactions, but offer …

Introduction The stringent response is one of the fundamental mechanisms that control and
modulate bacterial adaptation to stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. The …

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems in bacteria are key regulators of the cell cycle and can activate
a death response under stress conditions. Like other bacterial elements, TA modules have …

Type II toxin-antitoxin systems such as mazEF3, vapBC3, and relJK play a role in antibiotic
resistance and tolerance. Among the different known TA systems, mazEF3, vapBC3, and …

Toxin–Antitoxin (TA) systems are some small genetic modules in bacteria that play
significant roles in resistance and tolerance development to antibiotics. Whole genome …

The spectrum of diseases caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens (IBPs) is broad,
ranging from life-threatening conditions such as tuberculosis to other infectious-transmitted …

Exploring Transduction and Adaptation of Plasmids in Antimicrobial Resistance Page 1
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE VETERINARIA TESIS DOCTORAL …