In recent decades, research about survey questions has emphasized decision-based
approaches. Current research focuses on identifying and systematizing characteristics of …

Agree-disagree (AD) or Likert questions (eg,“I am extremely satisfied: strongly agree…
strongly disagree”) are among the most frequently used response formats to measure …

In this article, we examine two types of item nonresponse in a face-to-face population
survey:'don't know'(DK) and 'item refusal'(REF). Based on the cognitive model of survey …

In a standardized telephone interview, respondents ideally are able to provide an answer
that easily fits the response task. Deviations from this ideal question answering behavior are …

Interviewers' postinterview evaluations of respondents' performance (IEPs) are paradata,
used to describe the quality of the data obtained from respondents. IEPs are driven by a …

Conversation analysts have described the formation of actions and the sequential
organization of talk in a wide variety of contexts and offer resources that can be used to …

Asking questions fluently, exactly as worded, and at a reasonable pace is a fundamental
part of a survey interviewer's role. Doing so allows the question to be asked as intended by …

Survey researchers often ask a series of attitudinal questions with a common question stem
and response options, known as battery questions. Interviewers have substantial latitude in …

Medical research literacy (MRL) is a facet of health literacy that measures a person's
understanding of informed consent and other aspects of participation in medical research …

Questionnaire designers use readability measures to ensure that questions can be
understood by the target population. The most common measure is the Flesch-Kincaid …