Background and objective Pain influences motor control. Previous reviews observed that
pain reduces the excitability of corticospinal projections to muscles tested with transcranial …

Objective: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) impacts on spine movement. Altered sensorimotor
integration can be involved. Afferents from the lumbo-pelvic area might be processed …

When people experience or expect pain, they move differently. Pain-altered movement
strategies, collectively described here as pain-related movement dysfunction (PRMD), may …

Although anxiety is a common psychological condition, its symptoms are related to a
cardiopulmonary strain which can cause palpitation, dyspnea, dizziness, and syncope …

Low back pain (LBP) often modifies spine motor control, but the neural origin of these motor
control changes remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the impact of …

The nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) is a behavioral response to protect the body from
noxious stimuli. The spatial characteristics of the stimulus modulate the reflex response to …

Individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) move their spine differently. Changes in brain
motor areas have been observed and suggested as a mechanism underlying spine …

Somatosensory feedback to the central nervous system is essential to plan, perform and
refine spine motor control. However, the influence of somatosensory afferent input from the …

Introduction: The study of motor responses induced by electrical vestibular stimulation (EVS)
may help clarify the role of the vestibular system in postural control. Although back muscles …

Lumbar erector spinae (LES) contribute to spine postural and voluntary control. Transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) preferentially depolarizes different neural circuits depending on …