Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is a debilitating autoimmune condition often associated with
thyroid dysfunction, leading to significant ocular and orbital morbidity. This review explores …

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous tocilizumab (TCZ)
in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). Methods A comprehensive search was …

Purpose To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intravenous tocilizumab (TCZ) injection in
patients with moderate-to-severe active thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods Patients with …

Background: Long-duration thyroid eye disease (TED) may present with persistent proptosis
despite the absence of inflammatory symptoms, and treatment options have been limited to …

Abstract Background Following its Food and Drug Administration approval in January 2020,
we examined the impact of teprotumumab on thyroid eye disease (TED) clinical practices …

Background Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of
Graves' disease (GD), affecting up to half of patients with GD (1). Although mild TED can be …

Background This case presents a rare form of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with
idiopathic choroidal folds, unlinked to optic neuropathy—an unusual finding in thyroid …

The use of biologics in the treatment of corticosteroid-resistant thyroid eye disease has
increased in popularity over the last several years. Here, we describe a patient with …