Monoclonal antibodies constitute a promising class of targeted anticancer agents that
enhance natural immune system functions to suppress cancer cell activity and eliminate …

Targeting checkpoints of immune cell activation has been demonstrated to be the most
effective approach for activation of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte …

Immune checkpoints consist of inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that maintain self-
tolerance and assist with immune response. In cancer, immune checkpoint pathways are …

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) using antibodies against PD1 and its
ligand PDL1 has prompted substantial efforts to develop complementary drugs. Although …

The success of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with a wide variety of malignancies
has changed the treatment paradigm in oncology. However, combination therapies with …

Alteration in the expression of cell-surface proteins is a common consequence of malignant
transformation. Natural killer (NK) cells use an array of germline-encoded activating and …

Natural killer (NK) cells can induce an antigen-independent immune response against
malignant cells. A growing number of scientific reports and clinical studies have shown …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main professional antigen-presenting cells for induction of T-
cell adaptive responses. Cancer cells express tumor antigens, including neoantigens …

Abstract Purpose: Utomilumab (PF-05082566) is an agonistic mAb that engages the
immune costimulatory molecule 4-1BB/CD137. In this first-in-human, phase I, open-label …

At the turn of the last century, the emerging field of medical oncology chose a cytotoxic
approach to cancer therapy over an immune-centered approach at a time when evidence in …