Cells differentiate and progress through development guided by a dynamic chromatin
landscape that mediates gene expression programmes. During development, mammalian …

The idea that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) may be a general mechanism by which
molecules in the complex cellular milieu may self-organize has generated much excitement …

Protein knockdown using the auxin-inducible degron (AID) technology is useful to study
protein function in living cells because it induces rapid depletion, which makes it possible to …

The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) works together with the cohesin complex to drive the
formation of chromatin loops and topologically associating domains, but its role in gene …

CRISPR is becoming an indispensable tool in biological research. Once known as the
bacterial immune system against invading viruses, the programmable capacity of the Cas9 …

The nucleolus is the largest biomolecular condensate and facilitates transcription,
processing, and assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Although nucleolar function is thought …

The autophagic degradation of misfolded and ubiquitinated proteins is important for cellular
homeostasis. In this process, which is governed by cargo receptors, ubiquitinated proteins …

Cell-based therapies are emerging as effective agents against cancer and other diseases.
As autonomous “living drugs,” these therapies lack precise control. Chimeric antigen …

Dissection of complex biological systems requires target-specific control of the function or
abundance of proteins. Genetic perturbations are limited by off-target effects …

Targeted protein degradation via “hijacking” of the ubiquitin-proteasome system using
proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has evolved into a novel therapeutic modality …