Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, propionate and butyrate, are mainly
produced by anaerobic fermentation of gut microbes. SCFAs play an important role in …

Metabolism research has made tremendous progress over the last several decades in
establishing the adipocyte as a central rheostat in the regulation of systemic nutrient and …

The discovery of leptin was intrinsically associated with its ability to regulate body weight.
However, the effects of leptin are more far-reaching and include profound glucose-lowering …

Growing evidence implicates the brain in the regulation of both immediate fuel availability
(for example, circulating glucose) and long-term energy stores (that is, adipose tissue mass) …

The central nervous system (CNS) has an important role in the regulation of peripheral
insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Research in this dynamically developing field …

Background The hormone leptin is an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis, able to
inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure. Leptin can also independently lower …

Recent insights into the neural circuits controlling energy balance and glucose homeostasis
have rekindled the hope for development of novel treatments for obesity and diabetes …

Under normal physiological conditions, leptin and the leptin receptor (ObR) regulate the
body weight by balancing food intake and energy expenditure. However, this adipocyte …

In a healthy person, the kidney filters nearly 200 g of glucose per day, almost all of which is
reabsorbed. The primary transporter responsible for renal glucose reabsorption is sodium …

Leptin is a master regulator of energy balance and body adiposity. Additionally, leptin exerts
important control on glucose homeostasis, thermogenesis, autonomic nervous system and …