Cattle have been proposed as the natural reservoir of a novel member of the virus family
Orthomyxoviridae, which has been tentatively classified as influenza D virus (IDV). Although …

Our ability to infer unobservable disease‐dynamic processes such as force of infection
(infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine can cause sporadic infections and pandemic outbreaks
among humans, but how avian IAV emerges in swine is still unclear. Unlike domestic swine …

Genetic reassortment between influenza A viruses (IAVs) facilitate emergence of pandemic
strains, and swine are proposed as a “mixing vessel” for generating reassortants of avian …

Swine are important in the ecology of influenza A virus (IAV) globally. Understanding the
ecological role of wild pigs in IAV ecology has been limited because surveillance in wild …

Surveillance studies of influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) have accumulated information
regarding IAVs-S circulating in Thailand, but how IAVs-S evolve within a farm remains …

To assess the current status of influenza A viruses of swine (IAVs-S) throughout Japan and
to investigate how these viruses persisted and evolve on pig farms, we genetically …

In this comprehensive large-scale study, conducted from 2015 to 2019, 7,209 wild boars
across South Korea were sampled to assess their exposure to influenza A viruses (IAVs). Of …

Wild aquatic birds maintain a large, genetically diverse pool of influenza A viruses (IAVs),
which can be transmitted to lower mammals and, ultimately, humans. Through phenotypic …

Both influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza D virus (IDV) are enzootic in pigs. IAV causes
approximately 100% morbidity with low mortality, whereas IDV leads to only mild respiratory …