The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone
deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating joint disorder, affecting large sections of the
population with significant disability and impaired quality of life. During OA, functional units …

Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and
deterioration of bone microarchitecture, has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures …

Abstract The Melatonin Osteoporosis Prevention Study (MOPS) demonstrated that nightly
melatonin resulted in a time‐dependent decrease in equilibrium ratios of serum osteoclasts …

Bone defects stemming from tumorous growths, traumatic events, and diverse conditions
present a profound conundrum in clinical practice and research. While bone has the …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of protein kinases that function as
key signal transducers of a wide spectrum of extracellular stimuli, including growth factors …

In adult healthy cartilage, chondrocytes are in a quiescent phase characterized by a fine
balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. In ageing, degenerative joint diseases …

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising cell types for
bone regeneration and repair due to their osteogenic potential. MSC differentiation is …

In patients who were treated with exogenous BMP-2 to repair bone fractures or defects, the
levels of the inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β in sera are significantly …

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway can be activated in
response to a wide range of extracellular signals. As a consequence, it can generate many …