Economic sanctions, increasingly used as instruments of foreign policy in recent decades,
have been the focus of numerous academic studies. Recent theoretical advances in our …

What impact do human rights international non-governmental organizations (hereafter
HROs) have on the initiation of economic sanctions? The extant literatures on sanctions and …

Despite significant research on the role that media coverage of human suffering has on
foreign policymaking, no study to date has examined the news media's impact on the use of …

Although much research has examined how third parties might affect the success of
economic sanctions, scant research has considered the extent to which potential—rather …

Though reciprocity is an important aspect of coercive diplomacy, little is known about
whether and when sanctioned countries (ie, targets) respond to foreign pressure with their …

Are sanctions and sanctions threats costly for the sanctioning state? The costs of sanctions
for the sender are an important feature of many theories developed to explain the use and …

How does the domestic environment affect a government's incentives to use coercion
against another country? Traditional diversionary literature indicates that governments …

How do economic sanctions affect presidential approval? Competing claims have been
made about the domestic political consequences of economic sanctions. One claim is that …

Although voluminous research connects the neo-Kantian triad—democracy, economic
interdependence, and intergovernmental organization membership—to amelioration of …

Why does the US government choose to initiate human rights-based economic sanctions
against some highly repressive target countries, but not others? And, under what conditions …